Distribution of megafaunal species in the Southwestern Atlantic: key ecological areas and opportunities for marine conservation

Autores

González-Carman, V., Mandiola, A., Alemany, D., Dassis, M., Seco-Pon, J.P., Prosdocimi, L., Ponce-de-León, A., Mianzan, H., Acha, E.M., Rodríguez, D., Favero, M. and Copello, S.

Publicado en

ICES Journal of Marine Science, v. 73(6):1579-1588

Año de publicación

2016

Afiliaciones

Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina,
Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Paseo Victoria Ocampo N° 1 (B7602HSA), Mar del Plata, Argentina,
Aquamarina-CECIM, Programa Regional de Investigación y Conservación de Tortugas Marinas (PRICTMA), Pinamar, Argentina
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
Coordinación de Gestión de Pesquerías, Dirección Nacional de Planificación Pesquera, Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Departamento Mamíferos Marinos, Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA), Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Montevideo, Uruguay
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina,
Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Paseo Victoria Ocampo N° 1 (B7602HSA), Mar del Plata, Argentina
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina,
Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Paseo Victoria Ocampo N° 1 (B7602HSA), Mar del Plata, Argentina
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Mar del Plata, Argentina

Programa

CRN3

Proyecto

CRN3070

Keywords

Biodiversity Conservation, Fronts, habitat use, otariids, seabirds, sea turtles, satellite tracking

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw019
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Resumen

During the last centuries, populations of marine megafauna-such as seabirds, turtles, and mammals-were intensively exploited. At present, other threats such as bycatch and pollution affect these species, which play key ecological roles in marine ecosystems as apex consumers and/or nutrient transporters. This study analyses the distribution of six megafaunal species (Chelonia mydas, Caretta caretta, Dermochelys coriacea, Thalassarche melanophris, Otaria flavescens, and Arctocephalus australis) coexisting in the Southwestern Atlantic to discuss their protection in terms of current management strategies in the region. Through the prediction of the species potential distributions and their relation to bathymetry, sea temperature and oceanographic fronts, key ecological areas are defined from a multi-taxa perspective. Information on the distribution of 70 individuals (18 sea turtles, 19 albatrosses, and 33 otariids) was obtained through satellite tracking conducted during 2007-2013 and analysed using a Geographic Information System and maximum entropy models. During the autumn-winter period, megafaunal species were distributed over the continental shelves of Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil, mainly over the Argentine Exclusive Economic Zone and the Argentina-Uruguay Common Fishing Zone. Despite some differences, all megafaunal species seems to have similar environmental requirements during the autumn&ndashwinter period. Mostly waters shallower than 50 m were identified as key ecological areas, with the Río de la Plata as the habitat with the highest suitability for all the species. This area is highly productive and sustains the main coastal fisheries of Uruguay and Argentina, yet its role as a key ecological area for megafaunal species has been underestimated until now. This approach provides a basis to analyse the effect of anthropic activities on megafaunal species through risk maps and, ultimately, to generate knowledge to improve national and bi-national management plans between Argentina and Uruguay.