The privatization of water supply and institutional restructuring of water management &ndash through decentralization and the penetration of global firms in local and regional markets &ndash have been promoted as solutions to increase economic efficiency and achieve universal water supply and sanitation coverage. Yet a significant share of service provision and water resources development remains the responsibility of public authorities. The papers in this issue &ndash with case evidence from Argentina, Chile, France, the USA, and other countries &ndash address critical questions that dominate the international agenda on public versus private utilities, service provision, regulations, and resource development.